{"id":3074,"date":"2015-02-16T13:56:00","date_gmt":"2015-02-16T11:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwdeklerk.org\/tipping-the-scales-the-limitation-of-foreign-land-ownership-in-south-africa-2\/"},"modified":"2021-05-24T01:07:53","modified_gmt":"2021-05-23T23:07:53","slug":"tipping-the-scales-the-limitation-of-foreign-land-ownership-in-south-africa-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwdeklerk.org\/af\/tipping-the-scales-the-limitation-of-foreign-land-ownership-in-south-africa-2\/","title":{"rendered":"ARTIKEL: DIE BEPERKING VAN BUITELANDSE EIENAARSKAP IN SUID-AFRIKA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Die bepalings in die eiendomsklousule tref \u2019n geskikte balans tussen die twee laasgenoemde funksies. Dit kan egter binnekort verander indien die regerende party se beleidsvoorstelle, wat onlangs deur President Zuma tydens sy staatsrede van 2015 in die Nasionale Vergadering herhaal is, as wetgewing aanvaar word.<\/p>\n

Na afloop van die regerende party se lekgotla het die ANC se sekretaris-generaal, Gwede Mantashe, aangekondig dat daar \u2019n beperking geplaas moet word op buitelandse eienaarskap van grond, met \u2019n maksimum van 12 000 hektaar vir twee plase. Hy het voorts bygevoeg dat grondeienaarskap deur buitelandse burgers ook verbied sal word. Buitelandse burgers sal slegs deur huurpag toegang tot grond kan bekom. Nuwe berigte haal hom aan waar hy ges\u00ea het dat sodanige wetgewing terugwerkend van aard sal wees. Mac Maharaj, die presidensi\u00eble woordvoerder, het nietemin ontken dat dit terugwerkend van toepassing sal wees. Dit is nie net die moontlike terugwerkende toepassing van die voorstelle wat kommerwekkend is nie, maar ook die moontlikheid dat grondwetlike bepalings geskend sal word.<\/p>\n

Die beperking op buitelandse eienaarskap van grond is nie \u2019n nuwe konsep nie. In Alberta, Kanada, byvoorbeeld, kan buitelanders slegs twee stukke grond met \u2019n totaal van minder as 20 hektaar besit. Argentini\u00eb beperk buitelandse kopers tot 1000 hektaar in belangrike dele van die land en beperk ook buitelandse eienaarskap van grond tot 15%. Alhoewel daar vir Suid-Afrika geldige redes is wat in openbare belang is om buitelandse eienaarskap te beperk – soos die grondwetlike vereistes betreffende grondhervorming – is die wyse waarop die beperking toegepas sal word, problematies.<\/p>\n

Artikel 25(1) van die Grondwet verklaar dat niemand van eiendom ontneem kan word nie behalwe ingevolge ‘n algemeen geldende regsvoorskrif, en geen regsvoorskrif mag arbitr\u00eare ontneming van eiendom veroorloof nie.<\/p>\n

Die Konstitusionele Hof het in First National Bank of SA Ltd t\/a Wesbank v Commissioner for SARS<\/em> die ontneming van eiendom gedefinieer as arbitr\u00ear indien die betrokke wet versuim om voldoende rede vir die ontneming te verskaf of indien dit prosedureel onregverdig is. Ten einde die regmatigheid van ontneming te bepaal, moet die doel en die daaropvolgende ontneming geevalueer word. Waar die doel van die wet nie verband hou met die eiendom en eienaar nie, is dit arbitr\u00ear. Daar moet voldoende regverdiging vir die ontneming wees, andersins is die ontneming arbitr\u00ear. Die aard van die verhouding tussen die middel en die doel wat moet bestaan om die ontneming te regverdig, hang af van die aard van die eiendom, sowel as die omvang van die ontneming – of dit nou permanent of verreikend is. Hoe groter die omvang van die ontneming, hoe meer oortuigend moet die doel wees en hoe nouer moet die verhouding tussen die middel en die doel wees. Terwyl die beperking op buitelandse eienaarskap van grond ten doel het om deel van die nasie se grondhervormingsprogram te wees, is dit te betwyfel of die inwerkingstelling van hierdie beleid sy doelwit sal bereik.<\/p>\n

Die presidensi\u00eble woordvoerder het voorts verklaar dat \u201c58% van armoedige mense in landelike gebiede woon<\/em>\u201d en dat die beperking van buitelandse eienaarskap landelike eienaarskap sal verlig. Dit is nie duidelik hoe die onteiening van stedelike eiendomme landelike armoede sal verlig nie.<\/p>\n

Die beleid onderskei nie tussen buitelandse burgers en buitelandse regsentiteite nie. Soos wat nuusberigte op gewys het, besit maatskappye wat in die Verenigde Koninkryk geregistreer is en wat meerderheidsaandele in Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye besit (soos Vodacom), groot stukke grond regoor die land, en kan deur hierdie beleid geraak word. Die beleidsvoorstel loop die risiko om te bots met die legaliteitsbeginsel, wat vereis dat wette bepaalbaar en duidelik moet wees. N\u00f3g \u2019n moontlik ongrondwetlike aspek is die idee dat huurpag van 30 jaar aan buitelanders toegestaan sal word, eerder as algehele eienaarskap. Die Grondwet bepaal dat almal gelyk is voor die reg en die reg het op gelyke beskerming en voordeel van die reg. Hierdie gelykheid voor die reg het ook betrekking op diegene wat nie burgers is nie. Wette kan van tyd tot tyd voorsiening maak vir onderskeid tussen twee groepe (ten einde \u2019n openbare doel te bereik), maar hierdie onderskeid mag nie op onregverdige diskriminasie neerkom nie, soos byvoorbeeld \u2019n algehele verbod op buitelandse eienaarskap nie.<\/p>\n

Die feit dat die beleid, indien dit as wetgewing bekragtig word, terugwerkend van krag kan wees, is problematies. Terwyl \u2019n wet terugwerkend van aard kan wees, mag \u2019n prosedurele wet nie terugwerkend wees indien die toepassing daarvan \u2019n individu se substantiewe regte negatief sal raak nie. Hierdie beleidsvoorstel, wat private eiendomsregte sal raak, skend moontlik die legaliteitsbeginsel.<\/p>\n

In konteks gesien is \u2019n kommerwekkende aspek van die beperking van buitelandse grondeienaarskap die feit dat die Property Valuation Act<\/em>, wat verlede jaar bekragtig is maar nog nie in werking getree het nie, die kantoor van die waardeerder-generaal daarstel, wat alle eiendomme wat onteien sal word, sal waardeer. Soos reeds genoem verbied die Grondwet arbitr\u00eare ontneming van eiendom en bepaal dat onteiening onderhewig is aan die betaling van vergoeding, \u201cwaarvan die bedrag en die tyd en wyse van betaling \u00f3f deur diegene wat geraak word, aanvaar is \u00f3f deur ‘n hof bepaal \u00f3f goedgekeur is<\/em>.\u201d Tog sluit hierdie wet die betrokkenheid uit van die howe om vergoeding te bepaal. Dit is direk in stryd met die bepalings in artikel 25 van die Grondwet, wat vereis dat vergoeding deur \u2019n hof bepaal moet word of dat \u2019n hof daaroor moet besluit.<\/p>\n

Die Onteieningswetsontwerp, wat onlangs in die Parlement ter tafel gel\u00ea is, kan inderdaad bekragtig word. Indien dit gebeur, sal grond wat aan buitelandse burgers behoort, onteien kan word, met eienaars wat die vergoeding ontvang soos wat deur die waardeerder-generaal as regverdig en billik beskou word, sonder enige moontlikheid om die howe te betrek.<\/p>\n

Die Grondwet verklaar dat eiendom slegs kragtens \u2019n algemeen geldende regsvoorskrif en om \u2019n openbare doel of in openbare belang onteien mag word. Die onteiening van eiendom wat aan buitelandse burgers behoort sal neerkom op oordadige regulering en kan moontlik die grense van inmenging deur die staat met betrekking tot private eiendom oorskry, en dus die fyn balans wat artikel 25 daarstel, omvergooi.<\/p>\n

Deur Phephelaphi Dube<\/em><\/p>\n

[foto:images\/generic\/farmland-foter.jpg]<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cA COUNTRY THAT BELONGS TO ALL WHO LIVE IN IT, UNITED IN OUR DIVERSITY\u2026\u201d<\/a><\/h3>\n
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